Is Matter Around Us Pure-NCERT Solutions

CLASS IX SCIENCE
NCERT SOLUTION FOR IS MATTER AROUND US PURE

NCERT TEXTBOOK PAGE 15

Q1. What is meant by a substance?

Ans. A pure substance consists of a single type of particles.

Q2. List the points of differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.

Ans.

Suspension	Solvent
(i) It has uniform compos ition.	It does not have a uniform compos ition.
(ii) No vis ible boundaries of s eparation.	Shows vis ible boundaries of separation.
(iii) They cons is t of only one phase.	They cons is t of more than one phase.
Example: sugar + water → sugar s olution.	Example: s ugar + s and

NCERT TEXTBOOK PAGE 18

Q1. Differentiate between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures with examples.

Ans. Same as Q2 above.

Q2. How are sol, solution and suspension different from each other?

Ans.

Sol. (colloid)	Solution	Suspension
• Size of solute partic les between 1 nm to 100 nm.	Siz e of solute partic les less than 1 nm (10-9m)	Size of s olute partic les is more than 100 nm.
• It is stable.	Stable.	Unstable.
• It scatters a beam of light.	It does not sc atter light.	It s catters a beam of light.
• Solute partic les pass through filter paper.	Solute partic les passthrough filter paper.	Solute particles do not pass through filter paper.

Q3. To make a saturated solution, 36 g of sodium chloride is dissolved in 100 g of water at 293 K. Find its concentration at this temperature.

Ans. Mass of solute (sodium chloride) = 36 g

Mass of solvent (water) = 100 g

Mass of solution

= Mass of solute + Mass of solvent

= 36 g + 100 g = 136 g

NCERT TEXTBOOK PAGE 24

Q1. How will you separate a mixture containing kerosene and petrol (difference in their boiling points is more than 25°C), which are miscible with each other?

Ans. A mixture of kerosene and petrol which are miscible with each other can be separated by distillation.

Method

• Take a mixture in a distillation flask.

• Fit it with a thermometer.

• Arrange the apparatus as shown in the figure.

• Heat the mixture slowly.

• Petrol vaporises first as it has lower boiling point.

It condenses in the condenser and is collected from the condenser outlet.

• Kerosene is left behind in the distillation flask.

Q2. Name the technique to separate

(i) butter from curd,

(ii) salt from sea-water,

(iii) camphor from salt.

Ans. (i) Centrifugation,

(ii) Evaporation,

(iii) Sublimation.

Q3. What type of mixtures are separated by the technique of crystallisation?

Ans. Crystallisation technique is used to purify solid with some impurities in it.

Example: Salt from sea-water.

NCERT TEXTBOOK PAGE 24

Q1. Classify the following as chemical or physical changes:

• cutting of trees,

• melting of butter in a pan,

• rusting of almirah,

• boiling of water to form steam,

• passing of electric current, through water and the water breaking down into hydrogen and oxygen gas,

• dissolving common salt in water,

• making a fruit salad with raw fruits and

• burning of paper and wood.

Ans.

Physical Change	Chemical Change
• cutting of trees • melting of butter in a pan • boiling of water to form steam • dissolving common salt in water • making a fruit salad with raw fruits	• rusting of almirah • passing of electric current through water and then breaking down into hydrogen and oxygen gas • burning of paper and wood

Q2. Try segregating the things around you as pure substances or mixtures.

Ans. Pure substances — Water, bread, sugar and gold.

Mixtures — Steel, plastic, paper, talc, milk and air.

QUESTIONS FROM NCERT
TEXTBOOK

Q1. Which separation techniques will you apply for the separation of the following?

(a) Sodium chloride from its solution in water.

(b) Ammonium chloride from a mixture containing sodium chloride and ammonium chloride.

(d) Different pigments from an extract of flower petals.

(e) Butter from curd.

(f) Oil from water.

(g) Tea leaves from tea.

(h) Iron pins from sand.

(i) Wheat grains from husk.

(j) Fine mud particles suspended in water.

Ans. (a) Evaporation (b) Sublimation

(e) Centrifugation (f) Separating funnel

(g) Filtration

(h) Magnetic separation

(i) Winnowing/sedimentation

(j) Decantation and filtration

Q2. Write the steps you would use for making tea. Use the words, solution, solvent, solute, dissolve, soluble, insoluble, filtrate and residue.

Ans. 1. Take a cup of water in a container as solvent and heat it.

2. Add sugar in it which is solute. Heat it till all sugar dissolves.

3. You get a solution of water and sugar.

4. Sugar is soluble in water completely.

5. Add half a tea-spoon of tea-leaves, it is insoluble in water.

6. Boil the content, add milk which is also soluble in water, boil again.

7. Filter the tea with the help of strainer, the tea collected, in cup is filtrate and the tea leaves collected on the strainer is residue.

Q3. Pragya tested the solubility of three different substances at different temperatures and collected the data as given below (results are given in the following table, as grams of substance dissolved in 100 grams of water to form a saturated solutions).

(a) What mass of potassium nitrate would be needed to produce a saturated solution of potassium nitrate in 50 grams of water at 313 K?

(b) Pragya makes a saturated solution of potassium chloride in water at 353 K and leaves the solution to cool at room temperature. What would she observe as the solution cools? Explain.

(d) What is the effect of change of temperature on the solubility of a salt?

Ans. (a) Mass of KNO₃ to produce a saturated solution of KNO₃ in 100 grams of water at 313 K = 62 g

∴ Mass of KNO₃ in 50 grams of water at 313 K

(b) Crystals of potassium chloride will be obtained on cooling the saturated solution.

(i) Potassium nitrate → 32 g

(ii) Sodium chloride → 36 g

(iii) Potassium chloride → 35 g

(iv) Ammonium chloride → 37 g

(d) On increasing the temperature, solubility of a salt increases.

Q4. Explain the following giving examples:

(a) Saturated solution

(b) Pure substance

(d) Suspension

Ans. (a) Saturated solution: In a given solvent when no more solute can dissolve further at a given temperature is called saturated solution.

(b) Pure substance: A pure substance consists of a single type of particles.

E.g., gold, silver.

(c) Colloid: A colloid is a solution in which the size of solute particles are bigger than that of true solution. These particles cannot be seen with our naked eyes, they are stable.

E.g., ink, blood.

(d) Suspension: It is a heterogeneous mixture in which the solute particles are big enough to settle down.

E.g., chalk-water, paints, etc.

Q5. Classify each of the following as a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture: soda water, wood, air, soil, vinegar, filtered tea.

Ans. Homogeneous: Soda water, vinegar, filtered tea.

Heterogeneous: Wood, air, soil.

Q6. How would you confirm that a colourless liquid given to you is pure water?

Ans. By finding the boiling point of a given colourless liquid. If the liquid boils at 100oC at atmospheric pressure, then it is pure water. This is because pure substances have fixed melting and boiling point.

Q7. Which of the following materials fall in the category of a “pure substance”?

(a) Ice

(b) Milk

(d) Hydrochloric acid

(e) Calcium oxide

(f) Mercury

(g) Brick

(h) Wood

(i) Air.

Ans. Pure substances are: Ice, iron, hydrochloric acid, calcium oxide and mercury.

Q8. Identify the solutions among the following mixtures.

(a) Soil

(b) Sea water

(d) Coal

(e) Soda water.

Ans. Solution are: Sea water soda water and air.

Q9. Which of the following will show “Tyndall effect”?

(a) Salt solution

(b) Milk

(d) Starch solution.

Ans.Milk and starch solution.

Q10. Classify the following into elements, compounds and mixtures.

(a) Sodium

(b) Soil

(d) Silver

(e) Calcium carbonate

(f) Tin

(g) Silicon

(h) Coal

(i) Air

(j) Soap

(k) Methane

(l) Carbon dioxide

(m) Blood

Ans.

Elements	Compounds	Mixtures
Sodium	Calcium carbonate	Sugar solution
Silver	Methane	Soil
Tin	Carbon dioxide	Coal
Silicon	Soap	Air
		Blood

Q11. Which of the following are chemical changes?

(a) Growth of a plant

(b) Rusting of iron

(d) Cooking of food

(e) Digestion of food

(f) Freezing of water

(g) Burning of a candle.

Ans. Chemical changes are:

(a) Growth of a plant

(b) Rusting of iron

(d) Digestion of food

(e) Burning of a candle