Matter In Our Surroundings-NCERT Solutions

Q1.  Convert the following temperatures to the Celsius scale.

      (a)   293 K

(b)   470 K.

Ans.   (a)   293 K into °C

                     293 273 = 20°C

             (b)   470 K into °C

                     470 273 = 197°C

Q2.  Convert the following temperatures to the Kelvin scale.

      (a)   25°C

(b)   373°C.

Ans.   (a)   25°C into K

                     25 + 273 = 298 K

             (b)   373°C into K

                     373 + 273 = 646 K

Q3.  Give reason for the following observations.

      (a)   Naphthalene balls disappear with time without leaving any solid.

      (b)   We can get the smell of perfume sitting several metres away.

Ans.   (a)   Naphthalene balls disappear with time without leaving any solid, because naphthalene balls sublime and directly changes into vapour state without leaving any solid.

             (c)   We can get the smell of perfume sitting several metres away because perfume contain volatile solvent and diffuse faster and can reach people sitting several metres away.

Q4.  Arrange the following substances in increasing order of forces of attraction between the particles water, sugar, oxygen.

Ans.   Oxygen water sugar.

Q5.  What is the physical state of water at

      (a)   25°C

      (b)   0°C

      (c)   100°C

Ans.   (a)   25°C is liquid

(b)   0°C is solid or liquid

              (d)   100°C is liquid and gas

Q6.  Give two reasons to justify

      (a)   water at room temperature is a liquid.

      (b)   an iron almirah is a solid at room temperature.

Ans.   (a)   Water at room temperature is a liquid because its freezing point is 0 °C and boiling point is 100 °C.

              (c)   An iron almirah is a solid at room temperature because melting point of iron is higher than room temperature.

Q7.  Why is ice at 273 K more effective in cooling than water at the same temperature?

Ans.   Ice at 273 K will absorb heat energy or latent heat from the medium to overcome the fusion to become water. Hence the cooling effect of ice is more than the water at same temperature because water does not absorb this extra heat from the medium.

Q8.  What produces more severe burns, boiling water or steam?

Ans.   Steam at 100 °C will produce more severe burns as extra heat is hidden in it called latent heat whereas the boiling water does not have this hidden heat.

Q9.  Name A, B, C, D, E and F in the following diagram showing change in its state

Ans.   A → Liquefication/melting/fusion

              B → Vapourisation/evaporation

              C → Condensation

              D → Solidification

              E → Sublimation

              F → Sublimation