Daily Current Capsules - 13^th JUNE 2019

Social Justice
World Day against Child Labour 2019

Relevance IN - Prelims ( about world day against child labour) + Mains ( GS II issues relating to development and management of social services like human resource)
What's the NEWS

• The World Day against Child Labour is being observed across the world today, on June 12, 2019. The theme of the day this year is, 'Children should not work in fields but on dreams'.

Know! more about the day

• The World Day against Child Labour was established by the International Labour Organization (ILO) in 2002 to focus attention on the global extent of child labour and the action and efforts needed to eliminate it.
• The day brings together governments, employers and workers organizations, civil society as well as millions of people to highlight the plight of child labourers and measures to help them.
• This year, the International Labour Organization is celebrating 100 years of advancing social justice and promoting decent work.
• The day looks towards the UN Sustainable Development Goal Target 8.7 set by the international community calling for an end to child labour in all its forms by 2025.
• This year marks 20 years since the adoption of the ILO's Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182).
• The convention is close to getting universal ratification with only a few countries still to ratify it. Hence, World Day against Child Labour 2019 calls for full ratification and implementation of Convention No. 182 and of the ILO's Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) .
• The day also aims to encourage ratification of the Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour Convention, which protects both adults and children.

Know! the statics of child labour

• Despite efforts to curb child labour, around 152 million children across the world are still in child labour. Though it occurs in almost all sectors, 7 out of every 10 of these children are working in agriculture.
• In India, around, 12 percent of all children are engaged in some form of child labour, as per the data released by UNICEF in 2017. Hundreds of children drop out of school every year to help their parents earn a livelihood.

India ranks 113 of 176 countries on children's wellbeing
In its neighbourhood, India ranked fourth, behind Bhutan (98), Sri Lanka (56) and China (36)
What's the NEWS

• Save the Children's third annual End of Childhood Index compares the latest data for 176 countries and India ranks 113.
• Save the Children's 2019 Global Childhood Report comprises End of Childhood Index that evaluates countries on the wellbeing of children.

Know! more about the Index

• Save the Children has evaluated countries on eight indicators to determine the wellbeing of children and teenagers (0-19 years).
• Save the Children's third annual End of Childhood Index compares the latest data for 176 countries - more than any other year - and assesses where the most and fewest children are missing out on childhood.
• Singapore tops the ranking with a score of 989. Eight Western European countries and South Korea also rank in the top 10, attaining very high scores for children's health, education and protection status. Central African Republic ranks last among countries surveyed, scoring 394.

Know! about the findings related to India

• Child mortality rate reduced by 55% in the last two decades in India. It was 88 deaths per 1,000 live births in year 2000 now it was recorded 39 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2017.
• India's performance is better than Pakistan (74.9) only while Sri Lanka (8.8), China (9.3), Bhutan (30.8), Nepal (33.7) and Bangladesh (32.4) have all outperformed India.
• Low height for age, among children below age five, fell 25% globally from 198 million children to 149 million between 2000 and 2019.
• In India about 38% of children under five were stunted, the second-worst performance compared to its neighbours after Pakistan (40.8%). China (6%) had the lowest rate in the region, followed by Nepal (13.8%), Sri Lanka (17.3%), Bangladesh (17.4%) and Bhutan (19.1%).
• Despite efforts at giving free universal education about 20% of them (aged 8-16) were still out of school as of 2018.
  
• India halved its number of child marriages in 18 years to 2018, while marriage rates for the poorest girls fell at least as much as for everyone else.
  

Geophysical phenomena
Vayu Cyclone
Relevance IN - Prelims ( about the cyclone)
What's the NEWS

• Central Govt has issued advisory for Gujarat and Diu. Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) has said that the cyclone can knock Gujarat with the speed of 110-120 kmph on the morning of June 13.

Know! more about cyclone Vayu

• It is very likely to intensify further into a severe cyclonic storm during the next 24 hours and move northwards and hit the Gujarat coast between Porbandar and Mahuva around the Veraval and Diu regions as a severe cyclonic storm with wind speed of 110-120 kmph gusting to 135 kmph during early morning on Thursday.
  
• Coastal areas in Karnataka, Kerala, Konkan, Goa and Lakshadweep are also expected to receive fairly widespread rainfall over the next three days.

Know! about the previous Arabian Sea Cyclones
Cyclone Phet (2010)

• Cyclone Phet made landfall in eastern Oman with winds of 120 km/h northeast of Masirah. The storm later turned to the east and struck Pakistan. In Oman, the storm dropped heavy rainfall and Phet damaged roads and power lines, and washed away hundreds of cars.

Cyclonic Storm Nilofar (2014)

• Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Nilofar was, at the time, the third-strongest cyclone in the Arabian Sea. In late October 2014, it reached peak maximum sustained winds estimated between 205 km/h (125 mph) and 215 km/h (130 mph). The India Meteorological Department (IMD) named it Nilofar; the name refers to the water lily, and was suggested by Pakistan.

Cyclone Chapala (2015)

• Cyclone Chapala became the first recorded storm to make landfall in Yemen as a very severe cyclonic storm - the equivalent of a hurricane - when it struck Ar Riyan with winds of 120 km/h (75 mph).

Space Awareness
Chandrayaan-2 to be launched on July 15, ISRO releases first image

Relevance IN - Prelims ( about Chandrayaan) ¬+ Mains ( GS III space awareness)
What's the NEWS

• ISRO has released the first pictures of Chandrayaan-2 at Bengaluru Satellite Integration and Testing facility.
• Chandrayaan-2 will be launched on July 15, 2019 confirmed Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Chairman K Sivan on June 12. ISRO has released the first images of the moon lander.
• Chandrayaan-2, India's second mission to the moon, is expected to lift off at 2:51 am on July 15 from Sriharikota space centre in Andhra Pradesh. Chandrayaan-2 will be launched aboard GSLV MK-III launch vehicle

Know about Chandrayaan-2

• Chandrayaan-2 is a 3.8 ton spacecraft that has been constructed at a cost of more than Rs 600 crore. The cost of the launch vehicle GSLV MK III is expected to be around Rs 375 crore.
• Chandrayaan-2 will comprise three modules, an orbiter, a lander named Vikram and a rover named Pragyan. The orbiter will have eight payloads, while the Lander and the Rover will have three and two respectively.
• While the Orbiter, which will have scientific payloads, would orbit the moon, the lander would make a soft landing on the moon at a predetermined site and deploy the Rover.
• Following the launch, the lunar mission is expected to take many weeks before it prepares for a soft landing on the moon. ISRO plans to land Chandrayaan-2 near the South Pole of the Moon, a territory that hasn't been explored by any other space agency.
• Chandrayaan-2 will attempt the complex landing on the moon on September 6-7. The ISRO had earlier kept the launch window for the mission from July 9 to July 16.

Know! more about Chandrayaan-1

• The upcoming lunar mission of ISRO, Chandrayaan-2 is an advanced version of its previous mission- Chandrayaan-1, which was launched 10 years ago.
• Chandrayaan was India's first lunar probe, it was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation in October 2008 and was in operation till August 2009.
• The mission included a lunar orbiter and an impactor. The mission had 11 payloads, five from India, three from Europe, two from the US and one from Bulgaria.
• The mission is credited with the discovery of water on the lunar surface. The spacecraft weighing 1.4-tonne was launched using PSLV-XL launch vehicle and the orbiter had orbited 100 km from the lunar surface.
• The delay in Chandrayaan-2 was done to ensure robustness and to have full confidence that it will be a success.

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