Daily Current Capsules - 09^th JULY 2019

Culture
In a Remarkable Achievement, India gets its 38th WORLD UNESCO World HERITAGE SITE as Pink City Jaipur

Relevance IN - Prelims ( about world heritage sites + about UNESCO) + Mains ( GS I Indian culture and heritage)
What's the NEWS

• India's nomination of the Jaipur City, Rajasthan got inscribed on the World Heritage List of UNESCO during the 43rd Session of the World Heritage Committee held at Baku, Azerbaijan.
• The nomination of Jaipur City has successfully been done by complying with the various UNESCO guidelines of 2017.
• With Successful inscription of Jaipur City, India has 38 world heritage sites , that include 30 Cultural properties, 7 Natural properties and 1 mixed site.

Know! more about the Jaipur city and World heritage committee

• India's nomination was initially recommended by the ICOMOS (advisory body of World Heritage (WH) Centre for cultural sites) as Deferral, but the 21 nation World Heritage Committee debated it and after discussion decided to inscribe it on the World Heritage list.
• India had proposed the nomination of Jaipur as an "exceptional urban example in indigenous city planning and construction in South Asia", before the World Heritage Committee
• "Besides an exemplary planning, its iconic monuments such as the Govind Dev temple, City Palace, Jantar Mantar and Hawa Mahal excel in artistic and architectural craftsmanship of the period
• The fortified city of Jaipur, in India's northwestern state of Rajasthan was founded in 1727 by Sawai Jai Singh II. Unlike other cities in the region located in hilly terrain, Jaipur was established on the plain and built according to a grid plan interpreted in the light of Vedic architecture
• The streets feature continuous colonnaded businesses that intersect in the centre, creating large public squares called 'chaupars'. Markets, stalls, residences and temples built along the main streets have uniform facades, it said.
  
  

UNESCO lists Iraq's Babylon as World Heritage Site
What's the NEWS

• The ancient city of Babylon, first referenced in a clay tablet from the 23rd century B.C., was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site on, after a vote that followed decades of lobbying by Iraq
• Straddling Iraq's Euphrates River about 100 kilometres (60 miles) south of Baghdad, the city was the centre of the ancient Babylonian empire more than 4,000 years ago.

Know! about Babylon

• It is a massive 10sq-km complex of which just 18% has been excavated so far. It was the Centre of ancient Babylonian empire more than 4,000 years ago.
• The excavation of site began in early 1800s and artefacts were sent abroad. The city straddles Iraq's Euphrates River and is about 100 kilometres south of Baghdad.
• Babylon, about 85 kilometres (55 miles) south of Baghdad, was once the centre of a sprawling empire, renowned for its towers and mudbrick temples.
• Its hanging gardens were one of the seven ancient wonders of the world, commissioned by King Nebuchadne.The Babylonians were civilisation of writing, administration and science
  

Human Resource Development
State of the Education Report for India 2019- A joint report by CEIAR (TISS) & UNESCO
Relevance IN - Prelims ( about the report findings) + Mains (GS II issues relating to development and management of social sectors/services relating to education and human resource
What's the NEWS

• State of the Education Report for India 2019 jointly developed by CEIAR (TISS) & UNESCO released on 4 July 2019, recommends structural, funding and attitudinal changes to ensure that no child is left out of the right to education.

Know! more about the report

• The first 2019 report of "State of the Education Report for India 2019: Children with Disabilities" has released by the UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)
• The Report, which will be an annual publication, highlights accomplishments and challenges with regards to the right to education of children with disabilities (CWDs).

Know! the findings of Report

• The report provides comprehensive and detailed information on present state of education of CWDs and submits 10 key suggestions to policy makers.
• The report showed that there are more than 78 lakh CWDs in India between age group of 5-19 years.
• 27% of these CWDs between (ages 5 to 19) have never attended any educational institution.
• Nearly 75% of 5 year olds who have certain disabilties, do not go to any educational institution. In schools there are fewer girls with disabilities than boys.
• The proportion of CWDs who are out of school is higher than overall proportion of out-of-school children at national level.

Know the Challenges

• Inadequate allocations, delays in releasing funds and under-utilisation of allocation remain key challenges in financing education for CWDs.
• Only 20% of children with impairments related to Visual and Hearing had never been in school.
• Children with multiple disabilities or mental illness, the no of children were more than 50%.

Way forward

• The need of the hour is to amend the Right to Education (RTE) Act, 2009 to make it align with the Right of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016.
• There is a need to strengthen data on children with disabilities which can help in effective planning, implementation and monitoring of their education.
• There should be concentrated campaigns and large scale awareness which can improve the attitude towards children with disabilities in the classroom and beyond.
• The Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) is needed to coordinate all education programmes for children with disabilities across departments.

Environment Conservation
Working on a Warmer Planet - The Impact of Heat Stress on Labour Productivity and Decent Work - a report by ILO
Relevance IN - Prelims ( about the ILO report and findings) + Mains ( GS III environment conservation + GS II social justice)
What's the NEWS ( about the report)

• The phenomenon of heat stress refers to heat received in excess of that which the body can tolerate without physiological impairment.
• It is one of the major consequences of global warming. By 2030, the equivalent of more than 2 per cent of total working hours worldwide is projected to be lost every year, either because it is too hot to work or because workers have to work at a slower pace.
• This report shows the impact of heat stress on productivity and decent work for virtually all countries in the world. It presents innovative solutions based on social dialogue to promote occupational safety and health for the most vulnerable groups of workers.
• As per the report India will be the most affected country due to global warming. The major impact would be on agriculture and construction sectors of the country.
• It projects that India would lose 5.8% of working hours in 2030 due to global warming. The loss of working hours will be due to temperature being too hot to work or because workers work at a slower pace.
  
  
• The most of global warming impact in India will be felt in agricultural sector but, increasing working hours are expected to be lost in construction sector, where heat stress affects both male and female workers.
• These projections by ILO are based on a global temperature rise of 1.5 degree Celsius by end of 21st century and labour force trends.
• ILO report also noted that Ahmedabad (in Gujarat) incorporated a cool roofs initiative into its 2017 Heat Action Plan. Under it notably provided access to affordable cool roofs for city's slum residents and for urban poor.

State Specific/ Internal Security
Register of Indigenous Inhabitants of Nagaland (RIIN)
Relevance IN - Prelims ( about RIIN) + Mains ( GS II internal security)
What's the NEWS

• The Nagaland government is initiating an exercise to prepare a master list of all indigenous inhabitants of the State.
• This list, called the Register of Indigenous Inhabitants of Nagaland (RIIN), is seen as a localised version of the National Register of Citizens (NRC) that Assam began updating four years ago and is scheduled to complete by July 31.

Know! all about RIIN

• Civil society groups in Nagaland have often conducted house-to-house surveys for listing non-Naga and IBIs (Illegal Bangladeshi Immigrants).
• The RIIN will be the first official master list of Nagaland's indigenous inhabitants.
• Its objective, as stated in the Nagaland government's June 29 notification, is to prevent people from acquiring fake indigenous inhabitants' certificates.
• The list will be based on an extensive survey besides digging into official records of indigenous residents from villages and urban wards.
• The entire process under the supervision of the district administration would be completed within 60 days from the start on July 10.
• The nodal officers are required to submit monthly updates to a permanent committee set up under the Home Department.
• Everyone figuring in RIIN will be issued a barcoded and numbered Indigenous Inhabitant Certificate (IIC).
• The process will be dovetailed with the online system of Inner Line Permit (ILP).
• No IIC will be issued after RIIN is finalised except to babies born to indigenous inhabitants of Nagaland.

Know! about ILP

• The ILP is a temporary travel document an Indian citizen has to possess to enter ‘protected' areas of the Northeast.
• The Central government issues the ILP under the Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873, which restricted the entry of ‘British subjects' or Indians into these areas primarily to protect the British interest in tea and oil.
• The restriction continued for ‘Citizens of India' after Independence to protect tribal cultures in the northeastern region and to regulate movement to certain areas near the international border. Apart from the entire State of Nagaland barring its commercial hub Dimapur, the ILP is applicable in Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram.

Know! about indigenous inhabitant

• Nagaland has 16 recognised tribes The Kachari and Kuki are non-Naga tribes while the Zeliang comprises two Naga communities - Zeme and Liangmai.
• Entry in RIIN is virtually guaranteed for people belonging to these communities.
• Others such as the Gurkhas living in Nagaland prior to statehood (on December 1, 1963) have been recognised as indigenous.
• But the definition of ‘indigenous inhabitant' has been elusive because of issues beyond the tribal-non-tribal divide.
• There have been concerns over Nagas from other areas such as Manipur getting jobs by claiming to be indigenous besides IBIs (Illegal Bangladeshi Immigrants) "taking over" large swathes of agricultural lands.
• Another worry is the Naga custom of adopting new communities such as Sumiya - children of Muslim men and Sumi Naga women - who own cultivable land.
• Organisations such as the Naga Students' Federation have called for accommodating ‘Nagas by blood and not by adoption'.
• Some political parties have asked whether or not the "adopted non-Nagas" will be given indigenous rights.
• A pressure group called the Joint Committee on Prevention of Illegal Immigrants sought to end confusion and "prevent inconsistent enumeration" by suggesting December 1, 1963 as the cut-off date for considering people other than the recognised tribes of Nagaland as indigenous inhabitants.

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