Relevance IN - Prelims ( about Fit Hai to Hit Hai India + about Fit India Movement)
What's the NEWS

• Union Human Resource Development Minister and Minister of Sports and Youth Affairs and Ministry of Minority Affairs launched Fit Hai to Hit Hai India under the Fit India campaign
• The "Fit Hai To Hit Hai India" program organized under the Fit India campaign.

• ‘Fit Hai to Hit Hai India' webinar series for students were also conducted
• The webinar will also mark the launch of '#FitIndiaTalks', which will see a series of talks and interactive sessions being held by fitness experts for students.
• The Fit India Talks sessions are being organized in association with the Sports Authority of India and the Ministry of Human Resource Development.

• The Fit India Movement is a movement to take the nation on a path of fitness and wellness. It provides a unique and exciting opportunity to work towards a healthier India.
• As part of the movement, individuals and organisations can undertake various efforts for their own health and well-being as well as for the health and well-being of fellow Indians.
• The Fit India Movement was launched by the Prime Minister on August 29 2019, which is celebrated as National Sports Day (birth anniversary of Major Dhyanchand)
• The campaign is being coordinated by the sports ministry, and saw the participation of ministries of information and broadcasting, human resource development, panchayati raj and rural development, health and youth affairs.

Relevance IN - Prelims ( about Dhamma Chakra Day and Asadha Poornima + about buddhism) + Mains ( GS I Indian heritage and Culture)
What's the NEWS

• The President of India, inaugurated the Asadha Poornima celebrations being observed as Dhamma Chakra Day .

• The Dhamma Chakra Day celebrations are being organized by the International Buddhist Confederation (IBC) in partnership with Ministry of Culture, Government of India.
• It aims to keep with the historical legacy of India being the land of Buddha's enlightenment and awakening, his turning of the wheels of Dhamma, and Mahaparinirvana.
• The day marks Buddha's first teaching after attaining Enlightenment to the first five ascetic disciples (pañcavargika) on the full-moon day of Asadha at ‘Deer Park', Ṛiá¹£ipatana in the current day Sarnath, near Varanasi, India.
• This teaching of Dhamma Cakka- PavattanaSutta (Pali) or Dharma chakra Pravartana Sutra (Sanskrit) is also known as the First Turning of Wheels of Dharma and comprised of the Four Noble Truths and Noble Eightfold Path.
• Asadha Poornima is the second most sacred day for Buddhists after the Buddha Poornima or Vesak.
• The auspicious day of Asadha Poornima which falls on the first full moon day of the month of Asadha as per Indian sun calendar is also known as Esala Poya in Sri Lanka and Asanha Bucha in Thailand.
• It is the second most sacred day for Buddhists after the Buddha Poornima or Vesak.
• The Rainy Season retreat (Varsha Vassa) for the Monks and Nuns also starts with this day lasting for three lunar months from July to October, during which they remain in a single place, generally in their temples dedicated to intensive meditation.
• They are served during this period by lay community who also observe Uposatha i.e. to observe eight precepts and meditate under the guidance of their teachers.
• The day is also observed as Guru Poornima by both Buddhists and Hindus as a day to mark reverence to their Gurus.

• It is a faith that was founded by Siddhartha Gautama ("the Buddha") more than 2,500 years ago in India. Followers of Buddhism don't acknowledge a supreme god or deity.
• Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism and when Gautama passed away around 483 B.C., his followers began to organize a religious movement. Buddha's teachings became the foundation for what would develop into Buddhism.
• In the 3rd century B.C., Ashoka the Great, the Mauryan Indian emperor, made Buddhism the state religion of India.

• Theravada Buddhism: Prevalent in Thailand, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Laos and Burma
• Mahayana Buddhism: Prevalent in China, Japan, Taiwan, Korea, Singapore and Vietnam
• Tibetan Buddhism: Prevalent in Tibet, Nepal, Mongolia, Bhutan, and parts of Russia and northern India

• The truth of suffering (dukkha)
• The truth of the cause of suffering (samudaya)
• The truth of the end of suffering (nirhodha)
• The truth of the path that frees us from suffering (magga)
• Collectively, these principles explain why humans hurt and how to overcome suffering.

• Right understanding (Samma ditthi)
• Right thought (Samma sankappa)
• Right speech (Samma vaca)
• Right action (Samma kammanta)
• Right livelihood (Samma ajiva)
• Right effort (Samma vayama)
• Right mindfulness (Samma sati)
• Right concentration (Samma samadhi)

• Tipitaka: These texts, known as the "three baskets," are thought to be the earliest collection of Buddhist writings.
• Sutras: There are more than 2,000 sutras, which are sacred teachings embraced mainly by Mahayana Buddhists.
• The Book of the Dead: This Tibetan text describes the stages of death in detail.

• Every year, Buddhists celebrate Vesak, a festival that commemorates Buddha's birth, enlightenment and death.
• During each quarter of the moon, followers of Buddhism participate in a ceremony called Uposatha. This observance allows Buddhists to renew their commitment to their teachings.
• Some forms of Buddhism incorporate ideas of other religions and philosophies, such as Taoism and Bon.
• Buddha's teachings are known as "dharma." He taught that wisdom, kindness, patience, generosity and compassion were important virtues.

• International Buddhist Confederation is the biggest religious Buddhist confederation, based in Delhi, India
• The architect of the International Buddhist Confederation is Lama Lobzang.
• This confederation is named as the first organization which unites Buddhists from the whole world.

Relevance IN - Prelims ( about Swachh Survekshan 2021+ about Prerak Dauur Samman) + Mains (GS II Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of
their design and implementation)
What's the NEWS

• The Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs (MoHUA), launched the toolkit for Swachh Survekshan 2021, the sixth edition of the annual cleanliness survey of urban India conducted by MoHUA
• The exercise this year will focus on wastewater treatment and other parameters.
• State ranking will also be announced under the survey, to be measured based on their fund utilisation and support to respective local bodies, among others.

Know! all about Swachh Survekshan 2021 (toolkit)

• Every year, the Swachh Survekshan is redesigned innovatively, to ensure that the process becomes more robust, with focus on sustaining the behaviour change.
• A new category of awards titled ‘Prerak Dauur Samman' as part of Swachh Survekshan 2021 launched
• The Prerak Dauur Samman has a total of five additional sub- categories -Divya (Platinum), Anupam (Gold), Ujjwal (Silver), Udit (Bronze), Aarohi (Aspiring) - with top three cities being recognized in each.
• The survey will categorise cities on the basis of six indicator-wise performance criteria -- segregation of waste into wet, dry and hazard categories; processing capacity against wet waste generated; processing and recycling of wet and dry waste; construction & demolition (C&D) waste processing; percentage of waste going to landfills; and sanitation status of cities.

SBM-Urban MIS portal.

• The Ministry has also launched Urban MIS portal. The launch of the integrated MIS portal is an effort by the Ministry to bring the numerous digital initiatives on a single platform thus ensuring a unified and hassle-free experience for States and cities

Know! about Swachh Survekshan

• Swachh Survekshan said to be the largest cleanliness survey in the world conducted by MoHUA since 2016, is the world's largest urban sanitation and cleanliness survey.
• It is an annual survey of cleanliness, hygiene and sanitation in cities and towns across India. It was launched as part of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, which aimed to make India clean and free of open defecation by 2 October 2019.
• It has been instrumental in fostering a spirit of healthy competition among towns and cities to improve their service delivery to citizens and towards creating cleaner cities and bring behaviour change in the citizen towards cleaning.
• The surveys are carried out by Quality Council of India.
• The primary goal of Swachh Survekshans is to encourage large scale citizen participation and create awareness amongst all sections of society about the importance of working together towards making towns and cities better places to reside in.

Prelims Factoids
Hul Divas celebrations off for Covid
Relevance in - Prelims ( about Hul Diwas and about Santhal rebellion )
What's the NEWS

• The entire state of Jharkhand observed Hul Divas sans the usual festivities because of the prevailing pandemic situation worldwide

Know! about Hul Divas

• The people observed Hul Divas in a simple manner as people paid tributes to the revolutionaries Sidho-Kanhu, Chand-Bhairav and Phulo-Jhano who blew the bugle of Santal revolution against the British Rulers to free their land of the Raj and take back their ‘Jal-Jungle-Zameen' which was rightfully theirs and handed down through generations by their forefathers.
• Hul Divas is observed annually on June 30 in memory of tribals - Sidho and Kanhu Murmu - who led the Santhal hul (rebellion) on June 30, 1855, at Bhognadih in Sahebganj district.
• People, mostly Santhals from Jharkhand and neighbouring states, gather there in large number to celebrate what they think was the first people's action against the British

Know! about the Santhal rebellion

• The Santhal rebellion commonly known as Santhal Hool, was a rebellion in present-day Jharkhand, in eastern India against both the British colonial authority and zamindari system by the Santhal people.
• It started on June 30, 1855 and on November 10, 1855 martial law was proclaimed which lasted until January 3, 1856 when martial law was suspended and the movement was brutally ended by troops loyal to the British.
• The rebellion was led by the four Murmu Brothers - Sidhu, Kanhu, Chand and Bhairav.
  
  

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