Class IX Science
Notes For Work and Energy
Work Done
• Work done on an object is defined as the magnitude of the force multiplied by the distance moved by the object in the direction of the applied force.
Work done = force × distance
= F × s
1 Joule = 1 Newton × 1 metre.
The unit of work is joule.
• Work done by a force acting obliquely is equal to W = F cos θ × s
• Work done on a body moving in circular path is zero.
Energy
• The energy of a body is its capacity of doing work. The S. I. unit of energy is Joule (1 KJ = 1000 J).
• Form of energy : (P.E & K.E.), heat energy, light energy, sound energy etc.
• Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by a moving body by virtue of its motion.
• Kinetic energy
• Potential energy is the energy possessed by the body due to its position or shape.
• Potential energy = mgh
• Law of conservation of energy states that whenever energy gets transformed from one form to another, the total energy remains unchanged. i.e., energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
Power
• Power is defined as the rate of doing work. S.I. unit of power is Watt. (W).
• Commercial unit of energy is kWh (kilowatt –hour).